Constrained ordination analysis with enrichment of bell-shaped response functions

Constrained ordination methods aims at finding an environmental gradient along which the species abundances are maximally separated. The species response functions, which describe the expected abundance as a function of the environmental score, are according to the ecological fundamental niche theory only meaningful if they are bell-shaped. Many classical model-based ordination methods, however, use quadratic regression models without imposing the bell-shape and thus allowing for meaningless U-shaped response functions. The analysis output (e.g. a biplot) may therefore be potentially misleading and the conclusions are prone to errors. In this paper we present a log-likelihood ratio criterion with a penalisation term to enforce more bell-shaped response shapes. We report the results of a simulation study and apply our method to metagenomics data from microbial ecology

The Study on the Entry Mechanisms by Chinese Companies to the U.S. Market

These days, along with the rapid growth of China’s economy and active involvement around the world, We see booming Chinese companies traded on the international markets. This is an effective way for Chinese companies to raise worldwide capital. As more and more Chinese companies find their way to the U.S. market recently, they attract not only the investors’ attention but also the regulators’ attention. This paper examines the development of China’s economy and the Chinese companies on the U.S. market. It focuses on the three major entry mechanisms used by such companies

The Study on the Entry Mechanisms by Chinese Companies to the U.S. Market

These days, along with the rapid growth of China’s economy and active involvement around the world, We see booming Chinese companies traded on the international markets. This is an effective way for Chinese companies to raise worldwide capital. As more and more Chinese companies find their way to the U.S. market recently, they attract not only the investors’ attention but also the regulators’ attention. This paper examines the development of China’s economy and the Chinese companies on the U.S. market. It focuses on the three major entry mechanisms used by such companies

Translating Transculturality: Mediation of Identity in John Rabe’s Diaries

Along with people’s movement and technology, local and foreign components in language and culture become interconnected. Hence translation and cultural studies need approaches, beyond the national, to fuzzy linguistic and cultural forms. One such case originates from the Nanking Massacre, which occurred in the East Asian theatre of WWII. John Rabe, a businessman from Hamburg and a foreign resident in Nanking, was elected by the International Committee for the Nanking Safety Zone to be its chairman. His humanitarian efforts eventually won him a special cultural identity, «the Living Buddha». This article focuses on mediation of identity. It presents «translating transculturality» as a new research approach, and applies it to the mediatedness related to Rabe’s identity in his diaries and their revised, edited and translated versions.Traducir la Transculturalidad: Mediación de Identidad en los Diarios de John Rabe. Junto con la migración, los componentes locales y extranjeros en el idioma y la cultura se interconectan. Por lo tanto, la traducción y los estudios culturales necesitan que se desarrollen nuevos enfoques encaminados hacia formas lingüísticas y culturales difusas que vayan más allá de lo nacional. Uno de estos casos se origina en la masacre de Nanking, que tuvo lugar en el teatro de Asia Oriental durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. John Rabe, un hombre de negocios de Hamburgo y residente extranjero en Nanking, fue elegido como presidente por el Comité Internacional para la Zona de Seguridad de Nanking. Podía proteger a los civiles chinos de las atrocidades japonesas, ya que el Japón imperial tenía una relación más estrecha con la Alemania nazi que con el bando de los Aliados. Finalmente, todos sus esfuerzos humanitarios le reconocieron una especial identidad cultural, «el Buda viviente». Este artículo se centra en la mediación de la identidad. Presenta «traducir la transculturalidad» como un nuevo enfoque de investigación y lo aplica a la mediación, relacionada con la identidad de Rabe en sus diarios y sus versiones revisadas, editadas y traducidas

Electronic transport in a two-dimensional superlattice engineered via self-assembled nanostructures

Nanoscience offers a unique opportunity to design modern materials from the bottom up, via low-cost, solution processed assembly of nanoscale building blocks. These systems promise electronic band structure engineering using not only the nanoscale structural modulation, but also the mesoscale spatial patterning, although experimental realization of the latter has been challenging. Here we design and fabricate a new type of artificial solid by stacking graphene on a self-assembled, nearly periodic array of nanospheres, and experimentally observe superlattice miniband effects. We find conductance dips at commensurate fillings of charge carriers per superlattice unit cell, which are key features of minibands that are induced by the quasi-periodic deformation of the graphene lattice. These dips become stronger when the lattice strain is larger. Using a tight-binding model, we simulate the effect of lattice deformation as a parameter affecting the inter-atomic hopping integral, and confirm the superlattice transport behavior. This 2D material-nanoparticle heterostructure enables facile band structure engineering via self-assembly, promising for large area electronics and optoelectronics applications

Non-Oscillatory Hierarchical Reconstruction for Central and Finite Volume Schemes

This is the continuation of the paper "central discontinuous Galerkin methods on overlapping cells with a non-oscillatory hierarchical reconstruction" by the same authors. The hierarchical reconstruction introduced therein is applied to central schemes on overlapping cells and to nite volume schemes on non-staggered grids. This takes a new nite volume approach for approximating non-smooth solutions. A critical step for high order nite volume schemes is to reconstruct a nonoscillatory high degree polynomial approximation in each cell out of nearby cell averages. In the paper this procedure is accomplished in two steps: first to reconstruct a high degree polynomial in each cell by using e.g., a central reconstruction, which is easy to do despite the fact that the reconstructed polynomial could be oscillatory; then to apply the hierarchical reconstruction to remove the spurious oscillations while maintaining the high resolution. All numerical computations for systems of conservation laws are performed without characteristic decomposition. In particular, we demonstrate that this new approach can generate essentially non-oscillatory solutions even for 5th order schemes without characteristic decomposition.The research of Y. Liu was supported in part by NSF grant DMS-0511815. The research of C.-W. Shu was supported in part by the Chinese Academy of Sciences while this author was visiting the University of Science and Technology of China (grant 2004-1-8) and the Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scienti c/Engineering Computing. Additional support was provided by ARO grant W911NF-04-1-0291 and NSF grant DMS-0510345. The research of E. Tadmor was supported in part by NSF grant 04-07704 and ONR grant N00014-91-J-1076. The research of M. Zhang was supported in part by the Chinese Academy of Sciences grant 2004-1-8

On the Subject Complement and its Basic Types in Chinese

Chinese subject complement has a very long history of existence since the West Han Dynasty But as a grammatical term in Chinese it is an unknown or unfamiliar concept In fact it always appears at the lower level of the predicate component and forms the subject-predicate relationship with the subject as a logical category of stating and being stated For example the sentence can be converted to The winner is the subject It goes without saying that the component of the original sentence is a subject complement Because it is at the lower level of the predicate and its logical relationship is directed to the sentence subject Compared to the components of subject complement such as in this sentence same as it s very different that its logical relationship just points to the which is used as a predicate verb Therefore the sentence cannot be converted in the above-mentioned manner otherwise It is funny or really confusing for in the sentence that means the end of life or the entry into a critical situatio

Measurements of Dendritic Growth Velocities in Undercooled Melts of Pure Nickel Under Static Magnetic Fields

Dendritic growth velocities in undercooled melts of pure Ni have been intensively studied over the past fifty years. However, the literature data are at marked variance with the prediction of the widely accepted model for rapid dendritic growth both at small and at large undercoolings. In the present work, bulk melts of pure Ni samples of high purity were undercooled by glass fluxing treatment under a static magnetic field. The recalescence processes of the samples at different undercoolings were recorded using a high-speed camera, and were modeled using a software to determine the dendritic growth velocities. The present data confirmed the effect of melt flow on dendritic growth velocities at undercoolings below 100 K. A comparison of the present data with previous measurements on a lower purity material suggested an effect of impurities on dendritic growth velocities at undercoolings larger than 200 K as well